MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) composed of 16 amino acids, which plays a critical role in cellular metabolic regulation. Synthesized within mitochondria, MOTS-c functions by modulating the cellular energy balance through pathways involved in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and cellular stress response.  MOTS-c exerts its effects by translocating to the nucleus, where it influences the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic regulation, particularly under conditions of metabolic stress. Research has shown this peptide to improve exercise capacity, reduce obesity, insulin resistance and other disease processes such as osteoporosis and the mitigation of metabolic disorders and age-associated diseases.